Journal: Experimental & Molecular Medicine
Article Title: mtSTAT3 suppresses rheumatoid arthritis by regulating Th17 and synovial fibroblast inflammatory cell death with IL-17-mediated autophagy dysfunction
doi: 10.1038/s12276-024-01376-y
Figure Lengend Snippet: a Autophagosomes and autophagolysosomes were analyzed in OA and RA FLSs via transmission electron microscopy (scale bars = 0.5 μm, AP autophagosome, AL autophagolysosome). b RA FLSs were cultured with 10 μM rapamycin and 20 μM chloroquine for 24 h. Autophagosomes and autophagolysosomes were analyzed with anti-LC3-APC antibodies, anti-p62-FITC antibodies, anti-LAMP1-PE antibodies, and DAPI via confocal microscopy. c Mitochondria were isolated from IL-17-stimulated RA FLSs. The mitochondrial lysates were analyzed via western blotting with anti- p- STAT3 Y705 , anti- p- STAT3 S727 , anti-STAT3, anti-tubulin, and anti-COX4 antibodies. d RA FLSs were cultured with IL-17 for 12 h and then lysed to obtain proteins. The expression levels of MFN2, DRP1, and p- DRP1, which are dynamic mitochondrial molecules, were measured. e RA FLSs were transfected with mock or MLS-STAT3 vectors. P- STAT3 S727 expression in cytoplasmic lysates and mitochondrial lysates was analyzed via western blotting. f RA FLSs were transfected with mock or MLS-STAT3 DNA vectors. The cells were cultured with IL-17 for 24 h posttransfection. Autophagosomes and autophagolysosomes were analyzed via confocal microscopy using anti-LC3-APC, anti-p62-FITC, and anti-LAMP1-PE antibodies and DAPI. g RA FLSs were cultured with IL-17 (10 ng/mL) for 24 h posttransfection. Inflammatory cell death molecules in the cell lysates were analyzed by western blotting. All the experiments were performed in triplicate. Bars represent the mean ± standard deviation (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.005, **** p < 0.001).
Article Snippet: Primary antibodies against RIP1, RIP3, p -MLKL, p -STAT3 S727 , p -STAT3 Y705 , STAT3, Mfn2, DRP1, p -DRP1, LC3, p62, GAPDH, tubulin, Cox4, or β-actin (Cell Signaling Technology) were diluted at a concentration of 1:500–1:1000.
Techniques: Transmission Assay, Electron Microscopy, Cell Culture, Confocal Microscopy, Isolation, Western Blot, Expressing, Transfection, Standard Deviation